Fantastic folic: Do Pregnant dogs need folic acid?

Most people know how important folic acid is for human pregnancies, but for dogs it seems to be an afterthought. Did you know our UK Government actively supplement our food chain with Folic Acid? ​

Such a large proportion of our pregnancies in the UK are unplanned - so it is often months into the pregnancy before woman are aware. So many women therefore miss out on the most important window for taking prenatal supplements.

Which is why our government actively fortifies our food products with folic acid to protect these early, unplanned pregnancies and improve baby health outcomes - setting a precedent for the importance of this nutrient in both humans and dogs.

​Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, particularly during periods of rapid growth and development. 

​Why is Folic Acid good for pregnancy?

Folic acid is crucial for DNA synthesis, cell division, and the formation of red blood cells. It helps prevent anaemia and supports overall health. In pregnant animals, including dogs, folic acid is particularly significant because it directly impacts foetal development.

The UK government recognises the importance of folic acid in pregnancy and has mandated its fortification in specific foods to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in human pregnancies. According to the National Health Service (NHS), folic acid supplementation is recommended for women who are trying to conceive and is imperative during the first trimester of pregnancy [1]. This proactive measure reflects the understanding that adequate folic acid levels are essential for healthy foetal development.

So, why do dogs need it?

There are so many reasons why proactive supplementation is vital, but most importantly...

1. Preventing Cleft Palates & Neural Tube Defects: Research has shown that folic acid plays a pivotal role in the development of the neural tube in embryos. Neural tube defects are serious congenital abnormalities that can affect the brain and spinal cord. While most studies focus on humans, the principles apply to dogs as well. Supplementing with folic acid during early pregnancy can help mitigate the risk of such defects in canine foetuses [2][3].
2. Supporting Cellular Growth and Division: Folic acid is vital for DNA synthesis and cell division, making it especially important during the early, rapid growth phases of pregnancy. In dogs, adequate folic acid levels can support the proper formation of organs and tissues in developing puppies [4]. A deficiency during this critical period can lead to improper cell division, potentially resulting in structural abnormalities.
3. Enhancing Mum's Health: Folic acid also plays a role in maintaining the overall health of the mother. It helps to reduce the risk of anaemia, which can be particularly concerning during pregnancy when the body requires more nutrients to support both the mother and her developing puppies. Anaemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, and other complications, impacting the mother's ability to care for her young [5].
4. Regulation of Homocysteine Levels: Elevated levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, during pregnancy can be associated with increased risks of developmental issues. Folic acid aids in the metabolism of homocysteine, helping to maintain its levels within a safe range. This regulation is crucial for the healthy development of the foetus and can prevent potential complications [6][7].

Wondering how much folic your dog needs and when?

Folic acid supplementation is essential for pregnant dogs, just as it is for humans. With its role in preventing neural tube defects and cleft palates, folic acid is a vital nutrient that should not be overlooked during canine pregnancies. It is essential to ensure that our pregnant dogs receive adequate folic acid to promote healthy pregnancies and prevent complications - especially in the first 40 days of pregnancy. 

You should start supplementing as early as possible, most proactive breeders will begin from the start of season.

Each dog will have a different Folic Acid nutrient requirement, this is predetermined by their breed risk and family history. Don't assume because you've "never heard of anyone have a cleft palate puppy" or you've been lucky until now, that your breed may not be at increased risk. Some very common breeds are at elevated risk (which always shocks people) including Dachshunds, Labradors, Poodles and all Doodles, and even Golden Retrievers. 

Our Top Tip: It's vital to tailor your dogs dosage to their breed. You can find out how much they need by looking on the Canine Nutrition Coach product page. Or join the Brew Crew to get Isobel (THE Canine Nutrition Coach)'s personalised support and advice. 

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​For those that enjoy a little further reading...

1. National Health Service (NHS). Folic Acid. Link
2. B. R. et al. Neural tube defects and maternal folic acid supplementation: An overview. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. Link
3. W. J. et al. Folic Acid and Pregnancy: An Important Nutritional Factor. Veterinary Journal. Link
4. K. L. Folic Acid and its Role in Canine Nutrition. Canine Health and Nutrition. Link
5. D. A. The Role of Folic Acid in Maternal Health. Animal Reproductive Science. Link
6. R. T. et al. Homocysteine and pregnancy: Implications for the developing fetus. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. Link
7. L. M. The Importance of Folic Acid in Canine Pregnancy. Veterinary Nutrition Journal. Link